Current situation and trend of harvesting machiner

The current situation and trend of the development of harvesting machinery in China

1. Wheat combine

the peak of the development of wheat combine has passed. In 2001, Tianjin media reported that the "sickle harvesting" of wheat harvest had been changed to "start harvesting", and the sickle was sold with a straw hat. In that year, the wheat machine harvest level in Tianjin reached 95%, of which the combined harvest exceeded 90%. The main wheat producing areas in northern China are basically the same

2, rice combine harvester

at the 2001 human painting agricultural machinery products order fair, tractors, agricultural transport vehicles, agricultural internal combustion engines and combine harvesters are still the mainstream products for exhibition and trading. Many powerful enterprises have launched rice combine harvesters, indicating that after the wheat harvester market has been carved up, a market war around rice combine harvesters is imminent

although the market of rice combine harvesters in China is huge, and the suitable machine harvesting area is about 370million mu, more than 80% of the area is concentrated in 15 provinces, cities and districts in the south, and the landform, climate, rice varieties, agronomy, economic level and scale of these regions are very different, and the requirements for models are different. At present, the number of rice combine harvesters is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. Anhui is an emerging market, and Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other markets have not really started. Therefore, strictly speaking, the rice combine harvester market is still a potential and developing market. The phenomenon of overstock of enterprise products has appeared in some areas. In some areas, the value of straw has increased in recent years due to the increased use of straw. Farmers require the integrity of straw, which also affects the development of full feed rice combine harvesters. In addition, in recent years, the decline of machine harvest prices has also affected cross regional operations, affecting product sales

in terms of technology, the development of rice combine harvester technology in double cropping rice producing areas is towards light-duty models. Most of the fields in double cropping rice areas are small, and the shape of the fields is irregular, and the field roads are narrow. It is required that the machine turn flexibly, the radius is small, and the cutting range is narrow, otherwise, the working efficiency of the machine will be affected. In other regions, there will be a great demand for full feed rice combine harvesters in developing and newly developed areas; Its models have been developed in the direction of multi-function, such as wide cutting width, high power, large granary, double cleaning and double cutting knives, to meet the market needs of different regions; Semi fed models also have this trend

the state invested heavily in developing the hydrostatic drive chassis of the combine harvester. The total investment is 62.3 million yuan, with 10million yuan provided by the State Economic and Trade Commission. China Academy of agricultural machinery, Tianjin Hydraulic Machinery Group, BAIC Foton Vehicle Co., Ltd. and China Harvest Machinery Corporation jointly undertake the project, but it will be completed in August 2003. The semi feeding rice combine harvester of Changchai group and Xingguang 168 rice wheat self-propelled combine harvester of Huzhou Xingguang combine harvester company also adopt full hydraulic drive of chassis

3. Corn combine harvester

the corn machine harvest market has started, but the development speed is still relatively slow. In 2001, some farmers engaged in corn harvester have made money, which has stimulated the enthusiasm of other machine buyers. Many enterprises are optimistic about the market situation of corn combine harvester in 2002

among them, Shandong Province ranks the mechanization of the whole process of corn production as the top priority of the seven agricultural mechanization innovation demonstration projects. After the publicity and demonstration of the agricultural machinery department, many large agricultural machinery households have increased their investment, took the lead in purchasing corn combine harvesters to carry out cross regional operations, obtained a very good economy and formulated a medium and long-term energy science and technology development strategy and development plan to 2020, with social benefits. In 2001, Shandong's corn machine harvest was better than expected, and the market was unprecedentedly hot, showing a good momentum of booming purchase and sales. More than 400 corn combine harvesters have been newly promoted, and the number of them is nearly 2000, accounting for about 1/2 of the total number of corn combine harvesters in China. It shows that the corn machine harvest market in Shandong has started. At present, the corn machine harvest level in Shandong is only about 2%. The level of wheat machine harvest should reach more than 90%. To reach the average 70% of wheat and corn is regarded as the bottom line of basically realizing mechanization. The machine harvest of corn should increase by at least more than 40 percentage points to about 50%. At present, there are about 2000 sets. Based on the annual operation of 500 mu per set, the total annual operation is only 1.5 million mu, which is far from 50% of the 20million mu, and 40000 sets are needed

the main problems of corn combine harvester are row spacing and working reliability. The difficulty in popularizing corn harvesters is important. One important reason is that agricultural machinery production enterprises do not use the supporting corn planters and corn harvesters to cultivate the market, so as to change the backward situation of uneven row spacing in rural areas. On the contrary, it passively makes the corn harvester adapt to the corn row spacing with different specifications, which makes it difficult for the corn harvester to form a cross region operation situation like the wheat combine harvester

in addition to production and processing factors, the development of corn combine harvesters also needs to solve two problems technically, one is the problem of alignment, and the other is the problem of straw recycling. Last year, a full width corn harvester without row harvesting was successfully developed by Tianjin Fukang agricultural development company. This harvester breaks through the traditional mode that the corn harvester must harvest in rows, and the harvester can enter the field from any position to harvest. As long as the harvester harvests in a wide range, whether it is 2 rows, 3 rows, 4 rows, or even more rows, no matter how long the sowing row spacing is, it can be harvested

straw recycling is the requirement of agricultural structure adjustment and animal husbandry development in China. At the same time of corn harvest, straw should be recycled for livestock breeding. Relevant production enterprises are developing models in this regard, such as the green forage harvester of the Chinese Academy of agricultural machinery. The 4yl-1a straw recycling corn combine harvester produced by Zhengzhou agricultural tools factory is also designed mainly for areas where corn straw needs to be recycled. It is a grain and feed corn harvester. It is used together with 18.3~22.0kw tractors such as taishan-25/30 and shenniu-25/30. It can complete corn picking, ear packing, straw crushing, packing and stacking at one time, with a productivity of 0.1~0.2hm2/h. Shandong Qingzhou Huatai Machinery Research Institute launched the "all-round" corn harvester (zx4yz-2, self-propelled), which can harvest ears, juice, straw residue and stubble. The root cutting rotary knife of the new ear picking and juicing equipment can pull out the whole plant, cut and crush the stubble, squeeze the straw juice, crush and collect the straw residue

Futian Gushen 4yd-2 corn combine harvester developed by Beiqi Futian Weifang agricultural equipment branch, with horizontal header suspended in the front, hydraulic adjustable row spacing, integral movable header, supporting power of 50, 55, 60 or 65 tractors, and productivity of 0.26~0.46hm2/h

4. General market trend

grain planting area will continue to decrease, which is bound to affect the market sales of harvesting machinery. The price of agricultural products continued to fall, farmers' income and purchasing power decreased. The gradual reduction of government subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery at all levels will also affect the sales of combine harvesters. In some regions, companies with social ownership are relatively saturated as one of the first batch of chemical enterprises in China to promote "responsible care", which is also a reason for the decrease in sales. New hot spots cannot be formed in a short time, resulting in the phenomenon of "green and yellow" development

it is expected that the wheat combine harvester will continue to show a downward trend this year. In general, the rice harvester market tends to be stable. Among them, semi fed rice combine harvesters are still dominated by "foreign guns", and domestic machines still need efforts. Demand is mainly concentrated in areas with better economic conditions. Due to the limitations of economic conditions, terrain, land and other natural conditions in the western region, the market will not be too large. The market demand is about 15000

corn combine harvesters will increase. At present, the market of corn harvesters is mainly in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces. The market is about 2000 sets. It is still in the stage of demonstration and promotion. As a feed crop necessary for the development of corn animal husbandry, it will continue to maintain a large planting area in the structural adjustment. Developing corn mechanization is the inevitable trend of agricultural mechanization. However, after China's entry into WTO, due to the cancellation of the subsidy policy, the cost of machine harvested corn will increase, and the price factor may have a certain negative impact on the promotion of corn combine harvesters by the agricultural machinery department

the "Tenth Five Year Plan" for agricultural machinery industry predicts that the annual market demand for grain combine harvesters from 2001 to 2005 is 35000, including 5600 half fed rice combine harvesters and 1000 corn combine harvesters. The annual demand for forage harvesters is 8800 sets

at this stage, the main factors affecting the development of combine harvesters are: ① farmers' actual purchasing power and production demand, including the increase of farmers' income, the improvement of quality of life, the progress of ideas and other factors; ② Requirements for the development of agricultural modernization in China; ③ The guarantee of combine harvester technology and quality, including the breakthrough of key technologies, the improvement of product quality stability and reliability, as well as the regional adaptability and good after-sales service of products; ④ Driven by the economic interests of users, the product price is reasonable. If you buy a machine to participate in social services, you can recover your investment in 2 to 3 years, so that the buyer can be profitable; ⑤ The improvement of the investment environment of agricultural machinery in the whole society includes the government's supporting policies (subsidies and preferential loans) and the increase of farmers' income. ⑥ The small area of cross area operation also has an impact on the combine harvester. The knapsack model with low cost and fast recovery will have room for maneuver